Every year, as of January 1, the plan is adjusted and appropriate changes are made.

The plan defines the procedure and responsibilities of the management of the relevant management bodies of enterprises, institutions and organizations, as well as the main measures for the organization and conduct of work to prevent and eliminate emergencies of man-made and natural nature, coordination of their implementation, financial, material and other resources. these activities and works. The action plan includes measures to protect workers and employees, support production activities and others, taking into account the situation after the emergency, provides the necessary number of forces and means to eliminate the consequences of emergencies.

When planning, the necessary initial data and reference materials are used, taking into account the specifics of the work and the peculiarities of the departmental and regional activities of the enterprise, organization or institution.

The main initial data in the development of the action plan at the facility are the decisions and instructions of the higher headquarters of the CA (management, emergency department), orders of the chief of the CA facility, documents characterizing the facility (utilities, condition of buildings and structures, water sources, forecasting data for possible emergencies, etc.).

The action plan is developed on the basis of the order of the chief of the central office of the object. The management and specialists of the facility are involved in the development of the plan documents. The Chief of Staff of the Central Committee draws up a schedule for the development of individual documents (sections) and monitors its implementation.

The action plan is developed in two (if necessary and more) copies. The action plan is signed by the chief of staff of the facility, agreed with the territorial departments (divisions) for emergencies and protection of the population from the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster and approved by the chief of the facility (enterprises, organizations, institutions , regardless of ownership and subordination). After approval, the content of the action plan is communicated to the executors.

Every year, as of January 1, the plan is adjusted and appropriate changes are made. The reality of the plan is checked during the command and staff, complex object exercises and object trainings of the Civil Defense.

The action plan of the governing bodies and forces of the Central Command for the prevention and liquidation of emergencies is a program of implementation of preventive and protective measures. It allows you to purposefully and organizedly solve the problems of the Central Committee in the conditions of emergency in peacetime and wartime.

The plan is based on measures to protect workers, employees and their families. In determining these measures, the importance and peculiarities of the production activity of the facility, the main tasks of the management bodies and forces of the Central Command to prevent and eliminate emergencies are taken into account,

The action plan of the governing bodies and forces of the Central Committee for peacetime consists of five sections of the text and appendices to them. The text part of the plan includes 5 sections:

Section 1. Conclusions from the assessment of the situation on the site

This section outlines the general characteristics of the territory, energy and industrial complex, utilities, access roads and transport roads, probable emergencies of man-made and natural nature, their scale and consequences, which are determined on the basis of expert assessment, forecast or model experiments, conducted by qualified experts.

Section 2. Preparation and organization of work of governing bodies in the emergency

The section sets out the procedure for receiving information on the threat and occurrence of emergencies, the timing of notification and collection of management staff during working and non-working hours.

Actions of a person who received information about the threat and occurrence of an emergency:

informing the management of the object; notification of the management staff and staff of the facility; the procedure and form of the report of the highest instance.

Actions of the head of the Central Office with obtaining information about the threat and occurrence of an emergency:

issuance of an order to collect the management of the central office of the object; report of the head of the district (city) central office on the current situation, decisions made and measures taken; making and bringing the decision to subordinates to prevent (eliminate) emergencies; practical guidance of work on prevention (elimination) of the consequences of emergencies and the course of evacuation of personnel (if necessary); daily summarizing of the results of the liquidation of the consequences of the emergency and information of the higher instance.

Actions of the emergency center of the facility with information about the threat and occurrence of emergencies:

setting a task for the senior task force, which goes to the emergency area, the order of communication, mutual information; informing the head of the Central Committee about the emergency, organizing the work of the emergency commission; clarification of the situation in the emergency area, determining the need for forces and means; analysis and assessment of the situation, clarification of the tasks of the opera group; preparation of proposals for priority works; clarification of interaction issues; if necessary, departure to the emergency area to organize leadership.

No. p / p	Name of formation	Base of their creation, address	No. tel ef.	Numerically. Persons. composition	Numerically. techniques	Therm. ready
one	Specialized formations	shop		_______	_______	H + ___
2	Non-military formations – general appointment – CO services	shop shop		<>_______ _______	_______ _______	H + ____ H + ____

 

Section 3. The CO forces of the facility involved in the implementation of rescue, search and recovery works.

The presence of forces and means of the CO of the object, which are involved in the elimination of the consequences of the emergency (Table 1), is revealed.

Table 1.

The CO forces of the facility, which are involved in the elimination of the consequences of the emergency.

Section 4. Organization of ensuring the activities and actions of the CA.

The section defines the procedure for organizing the provision of measures and actions of the Central Committee during the RNR: the tasks of intelligence, transport, logistics, chemical, medical, fire and public order.

Section 5. Organization of management, notification and communication

The section determines the location of the main and reserve control personal narrative topics for high school point of the facility, the procedure for the operation of means of communication, management, communication and notification in case of threat and during the liquidation of emergencies at all stages.

Appendices to the action plan of management bodies and forces of the Central Administration of the object on prevention and liquidation of an emergency situation:

calendar plan of the main measures of the Central Committee in case of threat and occurrence of emergencies; map (scheme) with the possible situation in the event of an emergency; scheme of organization of management, communication and notification; plan to ensure the protection of personnel (population) in the event of an accident at HNO; calculations for emergency evacuation, shelter in protective structures; options for decisions of the head of the Central Committee to eliminate the consequences of the emergency; task force tasks and other applications.

The "Plan of actions of the governing bodies and forces of the Central Command of the facility during the transition from peacetime to martial law" is developed separately according to the degree of readiness in wartime and in the event of a sudden attack by the enemy.

The structure and content of this plan have hardly changed. In addition, plans for the services of the Central Command are developed at the facility to ensure the measures and actions of the governing bodies and forces of the Central Command in the event of a threat and emergency and the transfer of governing bodies and forces from peacetime to martial law.

September 25, 2011

Technical fluids: characteristics, poisoning, treatment. Abstract

Brief description of physicochemical and toxic properties of technical fluids. Mechanism of action. Poisoning Clinic. First aid. Basic principles of treatment for technical fluid poisoning

Brief description of physicochemical and toxic properties of technical fluids. Mechanism of action. Poisoning Clinic. First aid. Basic principles of treatment

In the military in the operation and maintenance of military equipment and weapons, in the performance of economic work are widely used various technical fluids that have high toxicity, and in violation of safety during storage and use can cause poisoning of personnel.

Poisoning by technical liquids covers servicemen of all specialties and can be massive. At the same time high lethality is noted.

Physical fluid poisonings are encountered by doctors of almost all specialties, especially those who work at ambulance stations, toxicology centers or departments, intensive care units of other medical institutions.

Methyl alcohol. Methyl alcohol (methanol, wood alcohol) – CH3OH, a colorless liquid, tastes and smells little different from ethyl alcohol. Molecular Weight 32.04. Specific gravity 0.79. Boiling point + 65oC, soluble in water. Freezing temperature – 98oC.

Used as a solvent for paints, varnishes, resins, in medicine for fixing smears in clinical and bacteriological laboratories, is part of antifreeze. Poisoning can occur more often when taken orally, less often by inhalation of vapors and through the skin.

There is a different individual sensitivity to methanol. Lethal dose when taken orally from 50 to 500 ml (average 100 ml), MPC – 0.05 g / m3.

Mechanism of action: methanol is rapidly absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. It is slowly oxidized in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to formaldehyde and then to formic acid, which are more toxic than methanol (lethal synthesis).

Methanol causes the development of tissue hypoxia – inhibits glycolysis, interferes with the transport of electrons and protons in the chain of tissue respiration at the level of NAD. Formic acid enhances acidosis and inhibits the activity of mitochondrial enzymes: succinate – cytochrome C-reductase, glutamate-oxalic acid transaminase, malate dehydrogenase, which leads to metabolic disorders and cell death.

Formaldehyde causes cytotoxic effects.

The course of poisoning. Heavy form. When taking large doses of methanol (100-300 ml), intoxication and suppression quickly appear, followed by coma, collapse and death.

In the delayed form, there are several stages of poisoning: the first stage – intoxication (6-8 hours); the second stage – imaginary well-being (several hours – 1-2 days); the third stage – the expressed symptoms of poisoning which is characterized by a headache and pain in an epigastric site, restlessness, expansion of pupils, disturbance of sight to its complete loss.